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国家疾控局发布HPV疫苗科普问答_我的网站

一 |     　　讯 8月18日，国家疾控局发布HPV疫苗科普问答。　　一、我国宫颈癌的发病情况如何？与HPV感染有关系吗？HPV感染的高危因素有哪些？　　宫颈癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。

二 | 国家癌症中心发布的数据显示，2022年我国宫颈癌新发病例为15.1万例，死亡病例是5.6万例，严重威胁女性身心健康。

三 | 对宫颈癌分年龄段分析发现，发病率在20岁之前处于较低水平，20岁以后逐渐上升，至50—54岁年龄组达高峰，之后逐渐下降。近20年来，我国宫颈癌的发病率呈上升且年轻化的趋势。    December is here, and it’s a massive month for Korean entertainment fans around the world. As the year ends, streaming platforms and other networks are dropping some of their biggest titles, from dark psychological thrillers and emotional slice-of-life dramas to political epics, animated mysteries, legal redemption arcs, and even a superhero comedy with a twist. It’s a rare month where every genre shows up strongly, giving viewers options for every mood, whether it’s comfort, chaos, tears, or tension.     This December lineup brings together some of Korea’s strongest actors like Jeon Do-yeon, Kim Go-eun, Park Seo-joon, Hyun Bin, Jung Woo-sung, Kim Da-mi, and Lee Jun-ho, along with gripping storytelling and global platforms. If your year-end plans include blankets, hot chocolate, and long streaming nights, here’s the ultimate guide to what to watch this month.     The Price of Confession                                             This intense mystery-thriller begins with a shocking death and spirals into a dark psychological war where truth becomes the most expensive currency. Ahn Yoon-soo, an ordinary art teacher who expected a peaceful life focused on home, family, and creativity, finds her world shattered when her husband is murdered, and she becomes the prime suspect. Overnight, she goes from the quietest person in the room to the centre of nationwide scandal, surrounded by flashing cameras, whispering crowds, and a justice system that already seems to have decided she’s guilty. Inside prison, she meets Mo-eun, a mysterious inmate feared by others and known as the witch for her unsettling ability to read people so accurately it feels supernatural. Mo-eun approaches Yoon-soo with an impossible offer: she will confess to the murder in Yoon-soo’s place, but only if Yoon-soo commits another murder for her. What follows is a nail-biting psychological negotiation between survival, morality, and desperation.     Meanwhile, prosecutor Baek Dong-hun is determined to uncover the truth, even as the case forces him to question everything he believes about justice. Yoon-soo’s lawyer, Jang Jung-gu, a former boxer who fights with both heart and fists, refuses to give up on proving her innocence. Every character is caught in a web where telling the truth comes at a price no one can fully afford. With Jeon Do-yeon and Kim Go-eun delivering powerful performances, The Price of Confession looks like one of December’s biggest and most emotionally demanding thrillers, perfect for viewers who love stories where nothing is as it seems.     Release date: 5 December Where to watch: Netflix     Surely Tomorrow                                                  If you enjoy emotional dramas that explore real life, regrets, lost relationships, and second chances, Surely Tomorrow is one to look forward to. The series follows Lee Gyeong-do, a reporter who has been living an ordinary, predictable life, until he unexpectedly meets his former girlfriend, Seo Ji-woo, after many years apart.     Their reunion isn’t romantic or easy. Seo Ji-woo recently went through heartbreak and a public scandal when her late husband’s extramarital affair became sensational news, a story that Gyeong-do himself once wrote. Their meeting forces both of them to confront unresolved feelings, old wounds, guilt, and the question of whether timing matters more than love itself. The drama takes its time exploring how two people who once mattered deeply to each other face the complicated aftermath of choices and consequences. It looks at loneliness, emotional exhaustion, and how unpredictable life can be. It is about forgiveness, of others and of ourselves.      With Park Seo-joon leading the series, viewers can expect gentle tension, warm chemistry, and realistic storytelling rather than dramatic exaggeration. Sometimes life doesn’t give us dramatic twists, it gives us quiet decisions that change everything. Surely Tomorrow captures exactly that.     Release date: 6 December Where to watch: JTBC & Prime Video           Pro Bono                                                  Pro Bono brings a fresh angle to legal dramas by focusing not on glamorous high-profile trials but on the gritty real world of public defence and small cases that determine real lives. Kang David is a former celebrity judge who once enjoyed fame, power, wealth and massive social media attention. He believed he had everything, until a major downfall forces him to restart his career from scratch.     Instead of prestige and big courtrooms, he now works as a public interest lawyer defending ordinary people who cannot afford legal representation. Far removed from luxury and applause, David comes face-to-face with human struggle, injustice, broken systems, and people fighting battles no one else sees. Each case challenges his ego and reveals the loneliness behind his former success. The drama explores themes like redemption, humility, privilege, and the difference between winning legally and doing what is morally right. As David learns to rebuild his life without fame, he discovers what law is truly meant to do, protect people who cannot protect themselves.     Release date: 6 December 2025     Where to watch: tvN     Your Letter                                             This touching animated adaptation of the beloved 2018 webtoon combines mystery, school life, friendship and healing. The story follows So-ri, a student who transfers to a new school hoping for a fresh start. But instead of an easy beginning, she discovers a mysterious letter hidden on campus, a message that seems meant specifically for her. The note leads her on a trail of more hidden letters, each revealing pieces of a personal and emotional secret connected to bullying, loss, and someone who desperately needs help. As So-ri follows the clues, she becomes part of a journey much bigger than herself.     With warm art style and emotional storytelling, Your Letter explores how small kindnesses can change someone’s entire world. It is a reminder that everyone carries unseen battles, and sometimes, the right words at the right time can save a life. A perfect watch for anyone who loves films that leave you thinking long after the credits roll.     Release date: 12 December Where to watch: Theatres (Korean audio with English subtitles)     Love Me                                             On the surface, the protagonist of Love Me has everything anyone could want, beauty, success, wealth, and social admiration. But behind the perfect image is someone who struggles deeply with loneliness, pressure, and the feeling that her life is passing without real happiness.     Adapted from the Swedish drama Älska Mig, this series explores relationships between family members, partners and friends, and how love evolves as we grow up. The tone is emotional but comforting, filled with everyday realism rather than dramatic chaos. It highlights the beauty of ordinary moments: dinner table conversations, quiet mornings, and trying again even when life hurts. A thoughtful, heart-warming drama for viewers who enjoy reflective storytelling.     Release date: 19 December Where to watch: JTBC     The Great Flood                                                  Set in a world devastated by catastrophic floods, The Great Flood follows a group of survivors trapped inside a nearly submerged apartment building as they fight to stay alive and protect what remains of humanity. The film combines intense disaster sequences with deep emotional storytelling that looks at fear, sacrifice and hope.     As water levels rise and time runs out, the characters confront not only nature but the darkness inside people when survival is at stake. With Kim Da-mi and Park Hae-soo leading the cast, the movie blends suspense, heartbreak and stunning visuals. Perfect for fans of high-tension survival films like Train to Busan or Concrete Utopia. It is not just about escaping disaster, it’s about why we keep fighting when everything seems lost.     Release date: 19 December Where to watch: Netflix     Made in Korea                                                  A grand political period drama set in the 1970s, Made in Korea tells the story of a nation undergoing massive transformation. Through major historical events and power struggles, the series explores how Korea evolved during one of its most defining decades. Led by Hyun Bin and Jung Woo-sung, the show brings together a powerful ensemble in a story about ambition, betrayal, loyalty and national identity.     The drama looks at the human cost behind political decisions and the resilience of people who shape history. With its large scale, emotional depth and cinematic visuals, this is one of the most anticipated shows of the month, and with Season 2 already confirmed, expectations are high.     Release date: 24 December Where to watch: Hulu & Jiohotstar     Cashero                                                  If you’re looking for something fun and unpredictable to end the year with, Cashero is a lively superhero comedy with a hilarious twist, Kang Sang-woong gains superpowers that increase or weaken based on how much cash he carries in his wallet. Broke? Powers gone. Rich? Unbelievable strength.     He teams up with other quirky heroes: a lawyer whose abilities unlock only when drunk, a psychic powered by calories, and more. Together, they fight a mysterious enemy targeting powered individuals. The series mixes action, humour and a surprising amount of heart, showing that being a hero has nothing to do with perfect costumes or dramatic speeches, sometimes it’s about trying your best when the world expects nothing from you.     Release date: 26 December 2025Where to watch: Netflix     A perfect holiday watch for laughs and warmth. Thrillers, romances, courtroom battles, emotional slice-of-life stories, survival disasters and animated mystery. December is a month full of powerful Korean stories and big-name releases.      Also Read: 8 Time Travel Revenge K-Dramas: Marry My Husband, God’s Gift: 14 Days and More。宫颈癌病因明确，主要是由高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）持续感染导致的。感染高危型HPV并不等于得宫颈癌，但如果持续感染，就有可能发生上皮内瘤样病变，或者进一步发展为宫颈癌。　　发生HPV持续感染，还有一些高危因素，如吸烟、初次性行为年龄过早、多个性伴侣、感染其他疾病、免疫功能低下（如HIV感染者、器官/骨髓移植后患者、自身免疫性疾病患者、长期服用免疫抑制剂患者等）。

四 | 具有这些因素的人群更容易发生HPV持续感染，进而患宫颈癌。　　二、为适龄儿童免费提供国家免疫规划HPV疫苗接种服务，有哪些依据和意义？　　《中华人民共和国疫苗管理法》规定，国家实行免疫规划制度，政府免费向居民提供免疫规划疫苗。2025年10月，国家疾控局、国家卫生健康委等七部门联合印发《关于将人乳头瘤病毒疫苗纳入国家免疫规划有关工作事宜的通知》，明确将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划，各地为2011年11月10日以后出生的满13周岁女孩免费接种2剂次双价HPV疫苗。　　研究表明，广泛接种疫苗，可以有效预防70%以上的宫颈癌发生，同时也可以降低因感染HPV导致的其他疾病的发生。其他国家和地区经验显示，将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划，能够有效保障不同地区、不同收入水平的目标人群公平地获得预防接种服务，促进健康公平，提升疫苗接种率。

五 | 我国将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划，是坚持以人民为中心发展思想、贯彻落实健康优先发展战略的具体行动，是降低人群疾病负担、保障群众身体健康的惠民利民措施。　　三、我国将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划，确定13周岁女孩作为接种目标人群的考虑是什么？　　自2025年11月起，我国将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划，13周岁女孩作为目标人群，是综合考虑HPV感染风险、疫苗保护效果、成本效益以及实施可行性等因素作出的最优选择。

六 | 　　一是在HPV感染几率增大前，也就是发生初次性行为前，进行HPV疫苗接种，可以最大限度发挥疫苗预防HPV感染的作用，以获得更好的保护效果。二是国内外研究表明，9—14周岁女孩接种HPV疫苗产生的抗体水平，是15周岁以上人群的2倍以上，且保护效果可持续至少10年以上。在13周岁接种疫苗，可以获得更高的抗体水平和更持久的保护效果。三是全球为适龄女孩免费接种HPV疫苗的国家，目标人群多为11—13周岁女孩。我国将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划之前，广东、江西、海南等省份通过民生项目等形式，为初中适龄女孩免费接种HPV疫苗，接种覆盖人群超千万，验证了将13周岁女孩作为接种目标人群的可行性。　　四、为什么将双价HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划？如果已经接种四价、九价等其他价次的HPV疫苗，是否还需要接种免费的双价疫苗？　　研究表明，至少70%的宫颈癌与HPV16型、18型持续感染有关，双价HPV疫苗可预防这两种型别的病毒感染，在预防由HPV感染引起的宫颈癌及癌前病变等方面具有较好的免疫效果。现阶段，我国将双价HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划，是综合考虑HPV感染及疾病负担、疫苗有效性和安全性、疫苗生产供应情况、财政可负担等多方面因素确定的。　　如果适龄女孩已自费接种四价、九价HPV疫苗，也视同完成了免疫规划疫苗接种，不需要重复接种。四价、九价HPV疫苗除了预防宫颈癌外，还可以预防尖锐湿疣等疾病发生。

七 | 适龄儿童家长可以综合考虑孩子的健康需求等实际情况，选择接种免费的国家免疫规划疫苗，或自费接种四价、九价疫苗。　　五、纳入国家免疫规划的HPV疫苗接种程序如何？HPV疫苗可以和其他疫苗一起接种吗？　　为2011年11月10日以后出生的、年龄满13周岁的女孩免费接种双价HPV疫苗，一共需要接种两剂次。完成首剂接种后，间隔半年接种第二剂次，间隔期最好不要超过一年。

八 | 　　临床研究证据证明，HPV疫苗和其他免疫规划疫苗（如甲肝疫苗、乙肝疫苗、百白破疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、流脑疫苗等）同时接种，没有发现有效性降低、安全性风险增加的情景。国际共识是：HPV疫苗可以与其他疫苗同时接种。

九 | 如同时接种疫苗，要使用不同的注射器、选择不同的部位进行接种，如在左上臂接种HPV疫苗，可在右上臂接种其他疫苗。　　六、HPV疫苗属于预防接种证查验的范围吗？未接种HPV疫苗是否影响入学？　　《中华人民共和国疫苗管理法》规定，居住在中国境内的居民，依法享有接种免疫规划疫苗的权利，履行接种免疫规划疫苗的义务。

十 | HPV疫苗已纳入国家免疫规划，适龄女孩应当履行疫苗接种义务，监护人应当依法保证适龄女孩按时接种。

十一 | 　　按照《儿童入托、入学预防接种证查验办法》规定，儿童入托、入学时，托幼机构、学校应当查验预防接种证。现阶段，全国所有托育机构、幼儿园和小学均应开展入托、入学预防接种证查验工作。

十二 | 其他类型学校是否纳入查验管理，由当地有关部门根据疾病防控需要确定。部分地区疾控、卫生健康、教育部门已将适龄女孩HPV疫苗接种情况纳入预防接种证查验内容，通过查验预防接种证，核实孩子疫苗接种情况，给家长和孩子提供健康提示，及时发现并补种漏种疫苗，保障儿童健康和校园公共卫生安全。适龄儿童家长应积极配合开展预防接种证查验工作，需要补种疫苗的及时补种。但是否完成HPV疫苗接种不是入学门槛，不会影响孩子入学。　　七、感染了HPV后还需要接种疫苗吗？打完疫苗是否就一劳永逸了？　　HPV有200多种型别，如个体检测发现感染了HPV，可能感染了其中某一种或几种型别的病毒。对于个体来讲，即使已感染某一种或几种特定型别的HPV，接种疫苗仍然可以有效预防未感染的其他HPV亚型（疫苗包含型别）。

十三 | 　　HPV疫苗属于预防性疫苗，对已经发生的病毒感染无清除作用，如已发生病变，也不能阻止病变的进展；即使接种疫苗，仍建议定期进行宫颈癌筛查，并保持健康的生活方式。部分人群因各种原因没有接种HPV疫苗，患病风险相对较高，需要定期进行宫颈癌筛查。　　八、接种HPV疫苗有哪些注意事项？　　国家免疫规划HPV疫苗的接种对象为未成年人，接种疫苗通常需要监护人（父亲、母亲或其他法定监护人）的陪同。接种前，建议孩子和家长提前了解HPV疫苗及其针对疾病的相关知识，以及接种的流程。

十四 | 接种时，监护人要携带本人及孩子身份证件（如身份证、户口本）、孩子的预防接种证，仔细阅读知情同意书，配合现场预防接种工作人员询问，详细提供孩子的健康状况以及既往的疾病史、过敏史、接种禁忌等情况，由接种医生来判断本次是否可以接种。如在学校设立的临时接种点接种疫苗，学生要提供监护人签署的知情同意书，再进行疫苗接种。　　接种HPV疫苗后，可以用棉签轻轻按住接种部位，避免揉搓，并留观30分钟，以便及时发现和处理可能出现的不良反应。如果出现不适症状，需及时告知接种单位工作人员进行处理。回家后适当休息，保持接种部位清洁。如出现注射部位疼痛、红肿等局部反应，通常居家处理即可，如冷敷缓解疼痛等。如出现低热、乏力、食欲减退等情况，注意观察、多休息。如出现严重不适等情形，建议及时请医生诊治。　　九、免费接种的双价HPV疫苗，在接种安全方面有哪些保障措施？　　纳入国家免疫规划的国产双价HPV疫苗，已上市使用多年，已在十余个国家适龄儿童中接种，其安全性、有效性已得到充分验证。疫苗在研制、上市审批、生产和批签发、流通、预防接种全过程都有严格、规范的监管措施。在接种疫苗时，接种人员要严格按照《预防接种工作规范（2023年版）》实施操作，严格执行“三查七对一验证”、接种后30分钟留观等要求，保障接种工作的规范性和安全性。　　十、错过了13岁免费接种时间，是否可以补种？已经自费打过一针，还能享受免费接种政策吗？　　各地接种单位常态化开展免疫规划疫苗的查漏补种。

十五 | 符合出生日期要求的适龄女孩，如果因各种原因错过了HPV疫苗免费接种时间，可以到辖区接种点免费进行补种。建议家长及时带孩子到接种单位进行补种。已自费接种部分剂次的人群，可按原有程序完成全程接种。版权申明：凡注有“”或电头为“”的稿件，均为独家版权所有，未经许可不得转载或镜像；授权转载必须注明来源为“”，并保留“”的电头。    。

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